论改革开放以来中国城乡关系的两次转变

On Two Changes of the Urban-rural Relation in China since Implementation of the Reform and Open-up Policies

1978年改革开放以前的城乡关系,是在严峻的国际环境下,为实施优先快速发展重工业战略而演变的,是典型的农业支持工业、乡村支持城市阶段。1978年以后,城乡关系经历了两次重大的历史性的变革:第一次发生于1978—2002年间,国家改变了为提取农业剩余而过度干预农民生产经营活动和限制城乡之间人口流动的体制和政策,调整了城乡关系,从而调动了农民的积极性,使得农民不仅通过为城市提供低价的农业产品、资源和劳动力支持了城市的发展,而且还通过乡镇企业的发展加速了整个国家的工业化。第二次是2002年中共十六大以后,国家开始实施工业反哺农业、城市支持乡村的统筹城乡发展政策,使得城乡关系进入了一个新的历史阶段。

The urban-rural relation before the reform and open-up policies were implemented in 1978 was a typical example of having the heavy industry as the priority with the countryside supporting the urban areas under circumstances of a severe international environment. After 1978, the urban-rural relation has undergone two major historical changes. The firstmajor change took place between 1978 and 2002. The second major change took place after the 16th CPC National Congress in 2002 when the policy of integrating development of both the urban and rural areas through filial piety of industry to agriculture and the cities to support the countryside. As a resuit, the urban-rural relation entered a new historical stage.