低变性花生蛋白粉对食源性高脂模型大鼠脂代谢的影响

Effect of peanut protein defated in low temperature on the metabolism of lipids in hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-cholesterol diet

目的:观察低温脱脂工艺(低变性)制备的花生蛋白质粉对食源性高脂模型大鼠脂代谢的影响及其作用机理。方法:雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组,正常对照组每天喂料前用蒸馏水灌胃10mL/kgBW,饲喂普通饲料;高脂模型组每天喂料前用蒸馏水灌胃10mL/kgBW,饲喂高脂大鼠饲料;花生蛋白粉低剂量组和高剂量组每天喂料前分别灌胃0.2g/mL、0.4g/mL花生蛋白粉溶液10mL/kgBW,均饲喂高脂大鼠饲料。连续对喂30d,观察大鼠生长情况。实验最后3d收集大鼠粪便,测定胆汁酸含量。断头取血及肝脏组织,测定脂质和脂蛋白含量及相关脂酶活性,并制备肝组织病理切片。结果:高脂模型组大鼠体质量、肝质量、肝脏指数及血脂水平均显著高于正常对照组,花生蛋白组尤其是高剂量花生蛋白组大鼠肝质量、肝脏指数、肝细胞脂肪变性以及血清甘油三酯、HDL-C和LDL-C水平均比高脂模型组有明显改善。与高脂模型组相比,高剂量花生蛋白组大鼠血清和肝脏MDA含量及脑脂褐质水平均显著降低;血清脂酶活性下降,而肝脏脂酶活性略有提高;粪排出量、粪含水量及胆汁酸含量均有所增加。结论:低温脱脂花生蛋白粉具有明显的血脂调节作用,其作用机理可能是通过调节血清HDL-C和LDL-C水平、减少脂质过氧化产物MDA及脑脂褐质的产生,以及增加粪排泄量、粪含水量及粪胆汁酸排出量等多种途径共同发挥作用。

Objective： To observe the effect of peanut protein defated in low temperature on the metabolism of lipids in hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-cholesterol diet. Methods： 40 male SD rats were divided into four groups, 10 each. The rats in the first group （CG）, as control, were fed normal diet and force fed distilled water 10 mg/kg BW per day. The other three groups were fed high-cholesterol diets and force fed distilled water, 0.2 g/mL and 0.4 g/mL peanut protein liquor 10 mg/kg BW per day respectively. After 30 days, all rats were killed in anaesthesia and blood and livers were collected to determine the levels of lipids, lipeprotein and activities of plasma lipase. Meanwhile, pathologic slices of livers were made to observe the abnormalities of liver cells. Results： The body weight, liver weight, liver index and blood lipids of hyperlipidemic model rats were all higher than normal rats. These indexes and HDL-C, LDL-C levels in serum of rats fed peanut protein were improved obviously than that of model group rats. The content of MDA in serum and liver and LP in brain of rats fed high dose peanut protein liquor were evident lower than that of model group rats. At the same time, the activities of plasma lipase decreased in serum and increased in liver. Compared with the model rats, the eduction and moisture degree of feces and bile acid in feces of rats fed high does peanut protein all had trend to go up. Conclusion： The peanut protein defatted in low temperature had obvious effect on regulating blood lipids of hyperlipidemic rats. The metabolism may be to regulate levels of HDL-C and LDL-C in serum, to decrease the production of MDA in serum and livers and Lipofuscin（LP）in brain and to increase eduction of feces and bile acid in excretion.