现代大坝安全管理的理念和内涵

New concepts and contents of dam safety management

大坝风险管理是一种以风险为核心,以事前、主动预防为特征的现代大坝安全管理,和传统的大坝安全管理体系相比较,融入了较多的新理念,如以人为本、工程风险、预防为主、工程与非工程措施并重、制度化文件化管理等。这种管理体系主要由风险分析、风险评价和风险处置三部分组成,具有事故与风险、预防与控制两大核心,运行、维护与监测的制度化管理(OMS手册)、应急预案(EPP)和大坝除险加固等是其基本工作。国外20多年的经验已经证明了该体系的有效性,建议根据我国大坝安全管理的实际情况,逐步向这种现代管理模式过渡。

Dam risk management is a kind of modern dam safety management that focuses on risk and has a feature of pro-active prevention. Comparing to the conventional management system of dam safety, it incorporates many new theories or concepts such as ＂putting people at the center＂, placing emphasis on prevention of risk and both structural and non-structural measures, and systematic and documentary management. The management system composes of three parts of risk analysis, evaluation and treatment. It focuses on two areas of incident and risk, prevention and control. The basic work includes operation, maintenance and supervision system （OMS manual）, EPP and reservoir for strengthening and eliminating dangers. The practices in the other countries in the past twenty years have demonstrated the effectiveness of this system. It is suggested to apply this model gradually in line with actual situation of dam safety management in China.