汶川大地震的经济反思及灾后发展模式转型问题研究

The Economic Introspection of Wenchuan Earthquake and the Transformation Research of Development Modes after the Disaster

"5.12"四川汶川大地震给整个中华民族带了巨大的灾难,但也引发了我们对当地经济发展模式的反思。统计数据表明,受灾地区一般为人口小县、财政弱县,在经济脆弱和财力匮乏的巨大压力下,当地政府通常采取"一轻一重"的发展模式:"重"水电和资源开发,"轻"教育和道路等公共品供给。由此导致的直接后果是震区生态和自然环境破坏严重、公路和校舍强烈损毁、产业链条单一性和危险性逐渐暴露,这些都成为加剧地震灾害程度和影响救援速度的人为因素。反思过去,展望未来,灾后震区的发展模式应适时向"抑重扬轻、协调均衡"转型,抑制水电产业的狂热和无序开发,弘扬道路、教育等公共物品的优先和充足供给,坚持有序开发和生态保护,重视区域协调和权利均衡,树立新型资源观念,进而实现震后灾区经济社会的协调发展。

The earthquake that hit Wenchuan County on May 12 of 2008 was a calamity for the whole country, but it has also prompted us to introspect the development modes of the local economy. Statistics Show that the counties affected by the disaster were usually small in population, weak in public finance. Under such pressure the local government had to adopt the development mode of prioritizing the development of water electric power and the exploration of natural resources while overlooking the supply of public goods such as education and roads etc. Hence, in the wake of the earthquake were serious destruction of the ecosystem and natural environment, the severe damage of highways and school buildings, the gradual exposure of the monotony of the industry chain and its risk, all of which in turn, as man-made factors, worsened the disaster and impeded the rescue operation. Now reviewing the past and looking into the future, we hold the view that there should be a gradual shift towards a reversal of priority to achieve a balanced development, namely, restraining the overheated and disorderly expansion of water power industry and stressing the importance of sufficient prevision of public goods such as education, road construction while persisting in implementing the orderly development, eeo-environment protection, regional coordination and power balancing, and developing new concepts on resource exploitation in order to realize the balanced social development after the earthquake