蜡镶操作对首饰蜡镶铸造中宝石外观效果的影响

Effects of Setting Operation on Gems Appearance in Wax-Setting Jewelry Casting

蜡镶铸造中,宝石要承受高温焙烧和浇注时高温金属液的热冲击,以及铸造收缩过程中产生的机械应力等影响,特别是在迫镶多粒宝石时,很容易发生烂石黑石问题,给企业造成很大经济损失。导致蜡镶铸造烂石黑石的原因较多,本文中就蜡镶操作引起烂石黑石问题进行试验,分析蜡镶操作对蜡镶烂石黑石的影响,提出蜡镶操作基本原则,以及操作过程中要遵守的一些工艺要求。指出由于蜡镶操作的因素导致的烂石主要是宝石之间产生互相挤压及金属液的热冲击,黑石主要是宝石底部被遮光。为此,提出要加强对宝石之间的间隙控制、宝石底部的蜡位控制、宝石顶面的蜡边控制,以及宝石表面的蜡屑控制。

During wax-setting jewelry casting, the gems were prone to crack or darken since they had to withstand the high temperature roasting, the heat impact caused by molten metal during pouring, and the mechanical stress during solidification shrinkage, espec!ally in multi-gems channel setting, which caused great loss to the jewelry company. Many factors may cause the gem cracking and darkening problem, in this paper, the ones occurred in wax-setting casting process were experimented, and the effects of the setting operation to gems cracking and darkening were analyzed. Meanwhile, the basic operation principles and some process requests during wax-setting were suggested. Through the experiments, it was considered that the main factors of wax setting operation that cause the diamond cracking was the extrusion between diamonds and the thermal shock caused by molten metal. The diamond darkening was mainly the closing over at the diamond bottom. Therefore, it was suggested that the wax setting operation should be enhanced, including how to control the gaps between diamonds, the bottom wax, the side wax and wax scraps on diamond surface.