兰州市城区夏季热场分布与热岛效应研究

Urban Thermal Field and Heat Island Effect of Lanzhou City in Summer

对兰州市城区进行了早、午、晚3个时段各气候要素的流动观测，模拟了兰州市城区夏季3个时段的地面热场。结果显示，兰州市夏季地面热场分布存在明显的规律性和动态演变特征。2006—2007年，在城区和郊区利用两套自动气象站连续进行了气候定点对比观测，结合兰州城区台站近70年和郊区台站近40年的常规气象观测资料，分析兰州市气温、热岛效应及热岛强度的变化特征。热场的时空分布与兰州市城市化过程中土地利用类型、人口密度、城市能耗、建筑容积率和下垫面热力性质等因素的变化有着密切的联系。

The mobile surveys were conducted by vehicles equipped with meteorological instruments and GPS in Lanzhou. With the corrected data and the method of spatial interpolation, this paper model urban thermal field in three periods of Lanzhou in summer and analyzed the cause of formation. Results show that the thermal field of Lanzhou presents regular distribution. The thermal space distribution characters have directly relations with land use type, urban energy consumption, population density, building volume rate, and thermodynamic properties of underlying surface. Two automatic meteorological stations were used to observe meteorological elements contrastively at urban area and suburb from 2006 to 2007, combining with the routine meteorological data of urban meteorological station in recent 70 years and the routine meteorological data of suburb station in recent 40 years, large time scale temperature variation, heat island effect, and change of heat island intensity. Results show that interannual variation characteristics of temperature are consistent with the large scale oscillation characteristics in last century; urban heat island effect is more remarkable, and urban heat island intensity has become strong gradually from the 1980s, these characteristics have close relations with development of urbanization and industrialization in Lanzhou.