一种面向目标跟踪应用的传感器网络路由协议

A Routing Protocol for Object Tracking in Sensor Networks

移动目标跟踪应用在能量效率、可靠性、实时性和可扩展性等方面对传感器网络路由协议提出了较高要求。提出了一种基于目标跟踪应用的路由协议GGSR(Geographical Greedy and Stateless Routing,GGSR)。GGSR协议由两部分算法组成:sink节点到移动目标区域的查询数据包路由协议和目标区域到sink节点的汇聚数据包路由协议。GGSR是一种完全分布式的按需路由协议,动态建立和路径维护。节点只需要维护自身状态信息,具有较好的可扩展性。协议采取基于地理信息的贪婪转发策略,通过减少通信跳数,缩短了数据包路由的时延。协议以节点能量和距离的综合函数作为转发代价,同时考虑节点不同状态下的能耗,对不活动的节点及时休眠,使得协议具有较高的能量效率。协议采取下游节点转发确认机制提高了协议的可靠性。仿真实验表明,算法能够满足目标跟踪应用对传感器网络路由协议的性能要求。

Tracking mobile objects in sensor networks requires better performances including energy, reliability, real time and extensibility of routing protocol. A protocol named GGSR （Geographical Greedy and Stateless Routing） is presented in this paper. GGSR is a full distributed and on-demand protocol. Nodes need only mtormanon about themselves, this enhances its extensibility. A greedy forwarding decision based on geographical information of the sink node is employed to reduce the communication hops, which results in reducing the end-to-end delay between a object node and the sink node. GGSR takes an integrated function of the energy and the Euclidean distance as an election cost for the next forwarding node, and also takes various status of a node into count; these ensure the proposed protocol is energy efficient. An acknowledgement mechanism is employed to enhance reliability of GGSR. Simulation results show GGSR exhibits better performances.