从“地下室人”到“群魔”--陀思妥耶夫斯基与俄国虚无主义

From "Underground Man" to "the Devils":Dostoevsky and the Russian Nihilism

本文以尼采对虚无主义的观点为基础,分析了陀思妥耶夫斯基小说创作对虚无主义思潮的多层次、多阶段的反映,以期对经典作家的研究有所新发现。文章认为,陀思妥耶夫斯基关注的重点从虚无主义思想家"地下室人"到"孤独的反抗者"拉斯科里尼科夫再到虚无主义者团体"群魔",呈现出一种层层深入,步步递进的姿态。虽然作家对虚无主义的思考并没有一个最终的答案,但这种思考本身就值得我们关注。

Based on the Nietzsche＇ s view on nihilism, this article analyzed the multileveled and multi-staged reflection of Dostoevsky＇ s novel on the nihilism in Russia to show something new in the classical writers research. The paper reveals the three stages in the evolution of Dostoevsky＇ s thought about russian nihilism. The first is ＂underground man＂ which is regarded as the nihilistthinker ; the nihilist in action is described in the Crime and Punishment; the nihilist group in The Devils. Although Dostoevsky didn＇ t give a definite answer to this quesiton , the thinking itself should be studied seriously.