被动差分吸收光谱法测量烟羽速度的方法研究

Study on Determination of Plume Velocity by Passive Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy

差分吸收光谱技术(differential optical absorption spectroscopy,DOAS)是利用气体分子在紫外-可见光谱范围的特征吸收来测量其浓度含量。被动DOAS以天顶太阳散射光为光源通过对污染源排放烟羽进行扫描测量能获取污染气体(如SO2,NO2)柱浓度的连续分部,再结合风场信息后可以估算出污染源污染气体的排放总量。在实际测量中由于无法准确获取烟羽速度这一重要参数使得排放总量的计算变得比较困难,并且这也成为估算总量中的主要误差来源。文章研究了被动DOAS测量污染源排放烟羽速度的原理和方法,两套系统以固定夹角在烟羽下方获取烟羽通过一定距离的时间差从而得到烟羽运动速度。通过两套被动DOAS系统对某电厂排放烟羽进行测量得到了两个时刻的烟羽速度3.6和5.4m.s-1,并与单经纬仪测风法获取当时烟羽高度上的风速结果进行对比表明,这种基于被动DOAS光学遥测方法能够满足烟羽速度的测量。

Differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） technique has been used to measure various trace gases in the atmosphere by their strongly structured absorption of radiation in the UV and visible spectral range. Passive DOAS using the zenith scattered sunlight as the light source can obtain the continuous column density distribution of air pollutants （such as SO2 and NO2 ） by scanning the plume emitted from sources on a mobile platform, then with the plume velocity information the total emission value can be ultimately estimated. In practice it is hard to calculate the total emission because there is no efficient way to accurately get the plume velocity which is the most important parameter. Usually the wind speed near ground is used as the actual plume speed, which constitutes the greatest source of uncertainty in the passive DOAS measurements for the total emission calculation. A passive DOAS method for the determination of plume velocity of pollution source was studied in the present paper. Two passive DOAS systems were placed under the plume along the plume transmission direction to observed the scattered sunlight at one fixed sepasation angle, and then the plume velocity was derived from the time delay resulting from the plume moving a certain distance, and also the plume height needed in the plume velocity calculation was measured by the same two passive DOAS systems. Measurement of the plume emitted from a certain power plant was carried out by the two passive DOAS systems and the plume velocities of 3.6 and 5.4 m · s^-1 at two separate moments were derived. The comparison with the wind speed measured at the same time by the single theodolite wind observation method indicates that this optical remote sensing method based on passive DOAS can be used to determine the plume velocity by monitoring the total emission from sources.