大豆不同杂交组合杂种优势分析

Heterosis Analysis by Using Different Soybean as Parents

为探讨国内与国外大豆杂交后杂种优势大小及规律,利用9个亲本做了20个杂交组合,并对其中亲优势和超亲优势进行了分析。结果表明:大豆部分形态性状、产量性状、品质性状具有较高的杂种优势,但不同类型杂交组合间差异显著。在单株粒重上被测组合多数超过双亲均值,主茎节数与株高优势表现相似,株高优势强的组合主茎节数的优势率也较高。单株荚数和单株粒数的中亲和超亲优势表现相似,分别有6个和8个组合表现为负值,表现为负向中亲优势的组合,超亲优势也为负值。茎粗具有较好的中亲优势。百粒重多表现为超高亲优势。脂肪和蛋白质含量多数介于双亲之间,超亲优势多数组合为负向。

In order to evaluate the heterosis of domestic and foreign soybean hybrid, the thesis analyzed the heterosis of twenty hybrid combinations with 9 soybean germplasm,4 from China and 5 from abroad, as parents. The results showed that some of the morphological,yield and quality traits had higher heterosis, but there were obvious differences among different combinations. Seed weight per plant is heavier than average of parents. The heterosis of number of node and plant height was similar. The mid-parent heterosis（MPH） and the better parents heterosis （BPH） of pods per plant and seed number per plant had similar performance. Six combinations were negative in MPH of pods per plant and 8 combinations were negative in BPH of seed number per plant. Stem diameter is better in MPH. The majority of 100-seed weight in F1 had higher BPH. Fat and protein content were between parents in majority of hybrid, and the majority of combinations were negative in BPH.