吸毒者与一般对照人群的家庭环境、羞耻感、自尊、社会期望及抑郁水平的比较

COMPARISON ON FAMILY ENVIRONMENT,SHAME,SELF-ESTEEM,SOCIAL DESIRABILITY AND DEPRESSION BETWEEN DRUG ABUSERS IN THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY AND CONTROL GROUP

目的:比较吸毒者与一般对照人群的家庭环境、羞耻感、自尊、社会期望以及抑郁水平的差异,了解吸毒者不同于一般人群的家庭环境特征、自我意识特征及其情绪问题,为做好预防吸毒和戒毒工作提供思路。方法:对照设计,采用问卷调查法。使用家庭环境量表中文版第三版(FES-CV-III)、抑郁量表(CES-D)、羞耻量表(Shame Scale)、自尊量表(SES)和社会期望量表(MSCD),对来自湖北5个治疗社区的正在接受康复治疗的105名成员以及108名非吸毒正常对照者进行调查。结果:(1)吸毒组家庭的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、道德宗教观和组织性显著低于常模,矛盾性和控制性显著高于常模;(2)吸毒人员组社会期望得分显著高于常模;(3)吸毒人员组羞耻感显著高于对照组,自尊水平显著低于对照组;抑郁水平显著高于对照组。在吸毒人员中,抑郁水平与羞耻感、社会期望呈正相关;与自尊水平呈负相关。抑郁水平与家庭环境中的亲密度、知识性和娱乐性呈显著负相关,与矛盾性呈显著正相关。结论:吸毒者的家庭环境低亲密度、高矛盾性和高控制性的特点显著;吸毒者自我意识呈现高羞耻、低自尊和高社会期望的特点;吸毒者中存在严重抑郁问题,其抑郁水平与其负性家庭环境及负性自我意识密切相关。

Objective：To compare drug abusers with control group in family environment, shame, self-esteem, social desirability and depression, to explore the unique family features, self-awareness and depression problem of drug abusers and provide advice on drug abuse prevention and intervention. Methods：Comparative design and questionnaire survey were adopted. One hundred and five drug abusers undertaking rehabilitation in 5 therapeutic communities in Hubei Province and 108 non drug users were investigated with the third Chinese version of Family Environment Scale （FES-CV-Ⅲ）, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression （CES-D）, Self-esteem Scale （SES）, Shame Scale and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability （MSCD）. Results：Compared with the control group, （1） scores in dimensions including cohesion, expressiveness, intellectual-cultural orientation, organization and moral-religious emphasis in drug abusers＇ family were significantly lower; while scores in conflict and control were significantly higher;（2） scores of social desirability in drug abusers were significantly higher; （3） drug abusers had higher level of shame than the control group, lower level of self esteem and high level of depression. In drug abusers, depression was positively correlated with shame and social desirability and negatively correlated with self-esteem. Conclusion：Family environment of drug abusers presents features as low cohesion, high conflict and high control;drug abusers have high shame-prone, low self-esteem and high level of social desirability;depression is very common in drug abusers, and it is heavily correlated with negative family environment and negative self-image.