土地产权制度变迁:家庭承包经营30年及走向

Evolution of Property System of Land: 30 Years of Farmer Household's Contractual Operation and Its Future Trend

根据产权经济学原理,提出产权—资本循环与增值均衡机制,认为农业经济增长的过程也是产权—资本循环与增值均衡的过程。家庭承包经营30年中国农村经济、社会发生的深刻变革,即源于农村土地产权制度的创新——赋予了农民完整的农村土地资本经营权,从制度上保证了产权—资本循环与增值均衡机制的实现。通过对人民公社与家庭承包在不同土地产权状态下经济增长的实证比较,进一步验证产权—资本循环与增值均衡机制。依据上述均衡机制要求,分析当前家庭承包经营下农村土地产权制度的缺陷,提出完善农民土地资本权制度的走向:确认农民集体土地属于集体内部农民共有,保证农民土地资本收益内部化和按照资本替代要求确定建设征地补偿。

According to the theory of property economics a balancing system of property capital circulation and value increase is put forward, according to which it is thought that the process of rural economic growth, in fact, is a balancing process of the property-capital circulation and value increase. In the 30 years of farmer household＇s contractual operation the deep changes that have taken place in China rural economy and society originated in the innovation of the rural land property system, from which farmers have been entitled to complete rights to rural land as capital so that the balancing system of property--capital circulation and value increase was able to be systematically guranteed. A positive comparison between the economic growth under the land property of People＇s Commune and that under the land property of farmer household＇s contractual operation is made and further verfies the balancing system of property--capital circulation and value increase. Based on the requirement of this balancing system the flaws of the crrent rural land property system of farmer household＇s contractual operation are analysed. The trend of how to perfect the farmer＇s land capital system is put forward： it should be made sure that the rural collective land belongs to all the farmers in the collection; the internalization of farmer＇s benefits from land capital should be guranteed; and the compensation for the land occupied for architectual purpose should be established on the principle of capital substitute for land.