微卫星技术对黄、渤海海域7个不同地理群体中国对虾的遗传结构和遗传分化研究

Study on seven geographic populations of prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis based on microsatellite DNA

采用微卫星DNA技术对黄、渤海海域7个不同地理群体的中国对虾进行了遗传结构和遗传分化研究。7个地理群体分别来自辽东湾（LD）、渤海湾（BH）、海州湾（HZ）、乳山湾（RS）、海洋岛（HYD）、朝鲜半岛西海岸（KW）以及朝鲜半岛南海岸（KS）。7对多态性良好的微卫星引物共检测到109个等位基因，群体平均期望杂合度（He）范围为0．810～0．864。49个群体位点中，只有15个符合Hardy—Weinberg平衡。UPGMA聚类分析显示，各地理群体亲缘关系与地理位置关系密切。根据各地理群体间遗传距离及AMOVA遗传分化检验结果，可将中国对虾分为3个独立种群，分别为中国沿岸黄、渤海群体、朝鲜半岛西海岸群体及朝鲜半岛南海群体；其中中国沿岸黄、渤海群体内部也发生了一定程度的遗传分化，但是否达到种群水平还有待于进一步验证。

In the present study, microsatellite DNA technique was applied to investigate the genetic structure and differentiation of prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis from seven geographic locations： Liaodong Bay （LD）, Bohai Bay （BH）, Haizhou Bay （HZ）, Rushan Bay （RS）, Haiyangdao fishing ground （HYD）, the west coast of the Korean Peninsula （KW） and the south coast of the Korean Peninsula （KS） in the Bohai and Yellow Seas. A total of 109 alleles were obtained from seven loci in 210 prawns. The average expected heterozygosity （He） of populations varied from 0. 810 to 0. 864. Out of 49 population-locus cases, only 15 accorded with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Cluster analysis by UPGMA indicated that the relationship among different geographic populations was related to their locations. Based on the values of genetic distance （D） and AMOVA analysis, three independent populations were identified as population of the Bohai and Yellow seas along the Chinese coast, population of the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and population of the south coast of the Korean Peninsula. Moreover, some differentiation in the population of Bohai and Yellow seas along the Chinese coast has also been abserved, but further analysis is needed to verify the degree of differentiation.