山西某地区汞环境污染及对居民肾功能的影响

Environmental Mercury Pollution and Its Effects on Renal Function of the Residents in Some Area in Shanxi Province

[目的]探讨山西某地区土法炼金活动影响环境中汞(Hg)的分布以及对当地居民肾功能的影响。[方法]用原子荧光光谱法测定大气、水、粮食Hg含量以及居民尿Hg含量,尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)用速率法测定,尿β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-MG)和尿微量白蛋白(mALB)测定采用终点法。[结果]污染区一年四季监测的大气Hg浓度为79～240ng/m^3,远高于对照区(P<0.05);河水中Hg含量超标19倍,达到(0.025±0.006)μg/L。污染区所产的玉米和粟米Hg含量分别为(0.006±0.003)mg/kg和(0.013±0.006)mg/kg,高于对照区(P<0.05);污染区居民尿Hg为(1.24±3.80)μg/L、尿β_2-MG含量为(228.98±4.34)μg/g Cr,均明显高于对照区(P<0.05)。[结论]污染区炼金过程中产生的Hg对当地环境造成污染,并通过一定途径进入人体,引起当地人群体内Hg负荷水平的改变及肾功能异常。

[ Objective ] To explore the distribution of mercury in the environment and its effects on the residents＇ renal function induced by mercury after indigenous alchemy. [ Methods ] The mercury contents in air, water, crops and residents＇ urine were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Urinary N-Acety-β-D-glucosamindase （ NAG ） activity was measured by kinetic method. Urinaryβ2-mieroglubin （ β2-MG ） and urine albumin （ mALB ） was determined with endpoint eolorimetric analysis. [ Results ] The results showed that mercury concentrations in the atmosphere were 79-240 ng/m^3 in all seasons in polluted area, significantly higher than that of in control area（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The mercury content in river water in polluted area was（ 0.025 ± 0.006 ） μg/L which was 19 times higher than national standard. Mercury contents in millet（ 0.006 ± 0.003 ）mg/kg and maize（ 0.013 ± 0.006 ）mg/kg in polluted area were significantly higher than those of in control area（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The urinary mercury（ UHg ）and β2-MG contents of the residents in the polluted area were（ 1.24 ± 3.80 ） μg/L and（ 228.98 ±4.34 ）μg/gCr, obviously higher than those in the control area（ P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] The local environment was polluted with mercury. The mercury burden and renal function of residents had been changed. β2-MG could be thought as the first indicator of renal dysfunction after the exposure to mercury.