屏蔽门对地铁站台层火灾烟气控制影响研究

Effects of the PED on Smoke Control of Subway Station Fires

在地铁站火灾中,对人员危害最大的不是火本身,而是因火灾而产生的有毒有害气体,因此研究高效的烟气控制模式就具有积极意义。本文采用CFD方法运用κ-ε双方程三维紊流模型分别对轨道中央列车车厢和站台层左侧两楼梯中间位置着火情况下烟气扩散情况进行模拟,比较屏蔽门对站台层火灾烟气扩散的影响。结果表明:安装屏蔽门并制定相对应的自动门开启数量后,至少能保证6 min的安全疏散时间;排烟风机对站台层的抽吸作用更加集中,风机的效率至少提高10%;站台层内温度也随着排烟效率的提高而显著降低。该研究为城市地铁防排烟提供了新思路和新方法,也为地铁应急疏散预案的制定和性能化消防设计提供理论依据。

In subway station fires, the fire, but the smoke inhalation because most immediate threat to passengers＇ life it contains hot air and toxic gases, so it is is not the direct exposure to important to research the efficient smoke control model. In this paper, the fires are respectively located on the carriages of the train and the middle of the two stairs on the left side to simulate the smoke diffusion by CFD and using κ-ε types of the three- dimension turbulence model, effects of the PED on smoke control have been compared. And the results indicate that 6mins can be obtained with PED, the efficiency of smoke-exhausting is also raised up 10 % which make the obvious fall of the temperature in the platform, and the effects are obvious, people can evacuate safely and effectively in time. This research provides a new idea and method for smoke control and personnel evacuation from subway station fires.