新高梨雄性不育与矿质元素含量变化的关系

Relation of Male Sterility of Pear Cultivar Niitaka(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and Changes of Mineral Nutrient Contents

以雄性不育的新高梨和可育的丰水为试材,研究花粉母细胞期以及花蕾发育过程中矿质营养元素的含量和变化,以探讨新高梨雄性败育与花蕾中矿质营养元素的含量和变化的关系。结果表明:在花粉母细胞时期,新高梨花蕾中Fe、Zn和Cu含量显著地低于丰水,Ca却显著地高,Mn、Mg和K元素含量差异不显著,这些营养元素的含量差异与其后发生的花粉败育有关;从四分体时期开始到二核花粉期,新高和丰水梨在花蕾中各矿质营养元素含量总体上呈逐渐下降的趋势,其中前者Fe、Zn、Cu、Mg和Ca含量均低于后者的含量,大部分的差异达到显著水平,Mn含量在单核花粉期后显著地高于丰水,K的差异不明显。

Mineral nutrient contents were examined in floral buds or another of male＇sterile pear cultivar ＇Niitaka＇ （Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）and male fertile pear cultivar ＇Housui＇（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）at different stages of pollen development, so as to explore the relation of polyamines with male sterility of pear and changes of mineral nutrients. The results indicated that： at pollen mother cell stage, iron （Fe）, zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） contents were significantly higher than those of ＇Niitaka＇, but,calcium content was significantly lower than that of ＇Niitaka＇, and differences in manganese （Mn）, Magnesium （Mg） and potassium （K） contents of both cultivars were not significant. The differences of mineral nutrient content were involved in pollen abortion. Mineral nutrient content in floral bud of Niitaka and Housui showed gradually decreasing trend from tetrad stage to binucleate stage. Fe, Zn,Cu, Mg and Ca contents of the former were higher than those of the latter,and the majority of differences were significant. Mn content of ＇Niitaka＇ was significantly higher than that of ＇Housui＇ after mononucleate stage;the difference of K content was not significant.