问题意识与意识问题--人文社会科学问题的特征、来源与应答

Problems Awareness and Consciousness of Problems——On the Feature,Sources and Response of Humanities and Social Science Problems

人文社会科学是否能够取得有价值和有成效的学术创新,不仅取决于是否具有问题意识,更取决于什么是学术问题、从何处发现问题、怎么发现问题和怎样应答问题。作为以人为中心、以人类社会文化为论域的学术研究,人文社会科学研究的问题来自人的生活世界;无论是有关普遍性和一般性的宏观"大理论"还是面对特定社区或群体的个案研究,无论是实地研究或经验研究还是阐释性研究或评价性研究,问题都来自人的生活世界及其认知和研究中出现的尚未给予系统解答的疑问和有效程度尚不能令人满意的应答。人是社会关系的总和,人的问题总是以这样或那样的形式存在于或呈现于社会关系之中,只有在社会关系中才能发现有关人及其社会文化的真问题。作为一种社会职业的理性集体行动类型,人文社会科学必须遵循一定的学术秩序和规则,对问题的应答需具备负责任的态度、可靠的依据、缜密的分析、清晰的表述等原则,唯此才有获致有效的真知识,也才有实质意义的学术创新。

Humanities and social sciences can achieve an effective and valuable academic innovation, not only because it has problems awareness, but is even more dependent on scholars＇ consciousness of problems like academic issues, where and how to find problems and then how to answer them. As a people-centered and human social culture domain academic research, humanities and social issues come from life. Whether it is related to the universality and the general macro ＂theory＂ or case studies of specific communities; whether field or empirical studies, elaborate or evaluation studies, the issues all come from people＇s lives and their awareness, and the problems appeared in the research but has not yet been answered or could not be satisfied with the response. Man is the sum of social relationships. His problems were always in social relations in one or another form. Only in the social relations can we find the true socio-cultural issues. As a rational type of collective action of a professional society, the humanities and social sciences must follow certain academic rules, and must have a responsible attitude, reliable recourses, rigorous analysis and clear expressions when we face such problems. Hence, we can be effectively addressed to the true knowledge and there will be real meaning of academic innovation.