城市水价上涨对居民用水的影响分析——以银川市为例

Analysis of Impacts on Residents of Urban Water Price Increase——Case Study of Yinchuan City

城市水价上涨对居民用水的影响主要体现在居民用水量和水价承受力两方面。文章通过对银川市1981～2006年的城市居民人均可支配收入、用水量、水价的综合分析和模拟,得出银川市城市居民用水的收入弹性和价格弹性指数,量化研究了水价和收入变化对居民用水量的影响;并依据收入将居民划分为不同阶层,分别研究其对水价的承受能力。计算结果表明水价的小幅提高不能抑制人均用水量的增加;虽然银川城市水价在整体还有上涨空间,但水价上涨已经对低收入群体产生了不小的压力。因此政府不能仅仅依赖上调水价来减少居民用水量,而更应注重水价结构的调整,同时改革过程中应做好社会保障工作,兼顾社会公平。

The impacts on residents of urban water price increase reflect on two major aspects： the consumption of water and the affordability of water costs. The paper calculate the income elasticity index and price elasticity index of residents of Yinchuan City based on the comprehensive analysis and stimulation of average urban residents＇ income, water costs as well as water price from 1981 to 2006, studying the effects of the change of water price and income on residents. The paper also analyzes urban residents＇ affordability of the water costs on different hierarchy levels. The results show that water consumption can not be remarkably inhibited when there is only a limited growth rate of water price. Although there is still space for increasing water price in general, the increase of water price has already generated considerable pressure on low-income groups. However, the government should pay more attention on the reform of water price structure rather than reducing the consumption of water only by raising the water price, besides, they should also carry on certain social security measures to ensure the social equity.