从汉语主题句的图形背景关系看英汉语序的基本认知结构

The Basic Cognitive Structure of Chinese Topic Sentences and Word Order in Chinese and English——From Figure-Ground PerspectiveJiajing Reform

汉语主题句是汉语所特有的一种句式,又是汉语一种常用的句式。有关的研究不下百篇,多论及该句式的结构特殊性与语义及语用的特殊性,对于汉语主题句是什么,已有较全面的讨论。然而,对于为什么汉语产生主题句,以及为什么主题句在汉语中成为一种常用句式,却研究甚微。认知语言学作为语言学研究的一种新的切入方式和视角主要在发掘和解释语言现象背后的动因。针对汉语主题句的这个问题,认知语言学的"图形-背景"理论对汉语主题句产生的原因进行了研究,找出其基本认知结构,从而达到对主题句及其与汉语语序的关系进行全面及系统的阐释,并在此基础上对汉英主要语序的区分及原因进行探讨。

Topic sentences are prominent and popular in Chinese which has long been a subject of interest for linguists. The articles concerned about them in the previous studies are not less than one hundred, mainly covering the structural, semantic and even pragmatic specialties of them and a thorough discussion has been done centering on the properties and applications of Chinese topic sentences. However, few studies have explored the reasons why topic sentences exist and are popular in Chinese. As a new approach to language studies, Cognitive Linguistics aims to explore and explain the underlying laws of language phenomena. Based on the question proposed above, the present study has conducted research on topic sentences using the ＂figure-ground＂ theory in Cognitive Linguistics with the aim to find out the cognitive structure of topic sentences, demonstrate the relationship between topic sentences and Chinese word order and thereby explore the distinction and its reason in the word order in Chinese and English.