精神科老年住院患者跌倒危险因素分析与预防对策

Analysis on Risk Factors of Fall in Older Psychiatric Inpatient and Preventing Measures

目的探讨精神科老年住院患者跌倒的相关危险因素及预防对策。方法对入住精神科的128例60岁以上的老年患者(男性36例、女性92例)进行跌倒危险因素评估,并对其实施住院期间和出院后1年的随访及安全护理预防,预防意外跌倒的发生。结果128例患者中,过去1年有跌倒史者49例(38.3%),其中女性39例,男性10例,性别间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实施安全护理预防随访1年后,跌倒人数为2例(1.6%),较预防前显著减少(P<0.001)。Logistic分析显示,与跌倒相关的危险因素为不合作、行动能力差、视物模糊和服用抗精神病药。结论精神科老年住院患者跌倒危险率较高;对跌倒高危人群实施安全护理可有效预防意外跌倒的发生。

Objective To estimate the risk factors of fall happening in the old inpatient of the department of psychiatry and make up preventing measures. Methods 128 old inpatient （36 male cases and 92 female cases, whose age were older than 60） were sur veyed. All of the patients were evaluated for risk factors and were interfered by safe nursing and follow-up in duration of hospital stay and in one year post-discharge in order to prevent the occurrence of accident fall. Results Of the 128 investigation patients there were 49 patients （38.3%） who had fall history in the past year. And the female falling patients were 39, while the male falling pa- tients were 10. There were no significant statistical difference between the male and female cases （P〉0.05）. Of the 128 investigation patients there were 2 fall patients （1.6 %） after 1 year safe nursing interference （P〈0.001）. The risk factors found by Logistic analysis were non cooperation, poor action ability, blurred vision and taking antipsychotic drug. Conclusion The risk ratio of old inpatient of the psychiatric department is high. The accident of fall should be prevented efficiently.