留守儿童社交焦虑及其相关因素

A study on social anxiety and its related factors in left.behind children

目的探讨留守儿童的社交焦虑水平及其相关因素。方法对重庆和贵州的876名农村中小学生（包括留守及非留守儿童）进行社交焦虑水平和相关影响因素的调查。结果父母一方或双方在外打工的留守儿童社交焦虑水平[（7．85±3．66）分，（7．77±3．75）分]要明显高于父母双方均在家的儿童[（6．75±3．72）分，P〈0．01]。小学五年级儿童的社交焦虑水平[（6．55±3．88）分]要明显低于初二年级和高一年级2组儿童[（7．75±3．69）分，（7．95±3．54）分，P〈0．01]，初二与高一年级之间差异无显著性。各年级留守儿童的自尊与社交焦虑水平显著负相关（r=-0．22，P〈0．01；r=-0．17，P〈0．05；r=-0．32，P〈0．01）。对于初二和高一年级的留守儿童，父母外出打工时其所处的年龄段对其社交焦虑水平有重要影响。对于小学五年级的留守儿童，父母和他们的联系频次对其社交焦虑水平有显著影响。结论1）农村留守儿童的社交焦虑水平相对较高；2）留守儿童的社交焦虑与其自尊水平密切相关；3）与父母的早期分离可能加重留守儿童的社交焦虑，而与在外打工的父母经常联系可能缓解其社交焦虑。

Objective To examine the social anxiety level and its related factors in left-behind children. Methods To investigate the social anxiety level and its related factors in 876 students （ including left-behind children and common children） from elementary schools or high schools in local villages and towns of Chongqing and Guizhou. Results The social anxiety of left-behind children （7.85 ±3.66,7.77 ± 3.75 ） was obviously higher than that of the children whose parents both stayed at home （6.75 ±3.72, P〈0.01 ）. Compared with children of grade two in junior high school and children of grade one in senior high School （ 7.75 ± 3.69,7.95 ± 3.54 ）, the social anxiety of the fifth grade children in primary school（6.55 ±3.88 ） was obviously lower （P 〈 0.01 ）. Self-esteem and social anxiety were significantly negatively related in left-behind children （r = - 0.22, P 〈 0.01 ; r = - 0.17, P 〈 0.05 ; r = - 0.32, P 〈 0.01 ）. To left-behind children in junior or senior high school,their age when parents left them was an important factor for their social anxiety. To left-behind children of grade five in primary school ,the contact frequency between them and parents had some important influence on their social anxiety. Conclusion 1 ） Left-behind children have a relatively high level of social anxiety. They need some appropriate psychological interventions, especially when they are in junior or senior high school. 2） Social anxiety is closely related with self-esteem in left-behind children. 3 ） Early separation from parents would aggravate social anxiety of leftbehind children, and more frequent contact with parents would relieve their social anxiety.