农民工外显和内隐群体偏爱模式的对比研究

A comparative study of explicit and implicit group-bias of off-farm workers

目的探查农民工对自己人群、农村人群及城市人群的内隐和外显群体偏爱模式。方法选出78名农民工作为被试，采用问卷法和经过修改的情感启动任务，通过计算机程序记录被试的反应。结果（1）被试在三类人群相关词启动条件下的内隐群体偏爱分数从大到小依次为：城市居民〉农民工〉农村居民[（0．169±0．217）分，（-0．016±0．116）分，（-1．209±1．686）分]，均差异有显著性（t=7．165，P〈0．01，t=6．038，P〈0．01），而外显偏爱分数显示出与内隐分数相反的排序，农村居民〉农民工〉城市居民[（0．7920±1．461）分；（0．4469±1．514）分；（0．7920±1．461）分]，均差异有显著性（t=9．666，P〈0．01，t=7．828，P〈0．01）；（2）群体认同、群体自尊和个体自尊这3个量表的得分只与对农民工和农村居民的外显群体偏爱分数之间相关显著（分别为P〈0．01，P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。结论农民工对农民工和农村居民具有明显的外显偏爱，但潜在地认同了城市居民的优势地位，并且其外显群体偏爱与他们的个体自尊、群体自尊和群体认同有关。

Objective To investigate the way off-farm workers show bias on their own group, rural residents and urban citizens. Method The participants were 78 off-farm workers from 18 to 25 years of age;The scales and the modified affective priming paradigm were adopted to measure their explicit and implicit attitudes respectively on these groups through recording the participants＇ reaction on computer. Results （ 1 ） The order of three groups sorted by implicit scores in condition of group-relevant words as primes from high to low was urban citizens, off-farm workers, rural residents （0. 169 ±0. 217, - 0.016 ±0.116, - 1. 209 ± 1. 686 respectively） , but the order of explicit scores were reverse（0. 7920± 1. 461,0. 4469 ± 1. 514,07920 ±1. 461 respectively） ,and both the difference between the implicit scores and the difference between explicit scores were very significant（ between the implicit scores of group bias on off-farm workers and urban citizens： t=7. 165, P〈0.01 ,and on rural residents： t = 6. 038, P 〈 0.01 ; between the explicit scores of group bias on off-farm workers and rural residents ： t = 9. 666, P 〈0.01 ,and on off-farm workers and urban citizens： t=7. 828, P〈0.01 ）. （2）The scale scores of group identify, collective self-esteem and self-esteem were significantly related to the scale scores of group-bias on the off-farm workers and rural residents but not other scores （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05 respectively）. Conclusion Although off-farm workers evaluated their own group and rural residents more positively than urban citizens in the obviously way, they accepted the superiority of urban citizens implicitly, and the explicit group-bias was relative to self-esteem, collective self-esteem and group identify.