冲击式水轮机水斗转轮裂纹成因浅析

Cause Analysis of the Bucket Runner Cracks of Impulse Water Turbines

与其他形式的水轮机不同,由于冲击式水轮机工作过程中转轮始终受到变化幅值大、交变频率高的复杂动荷载作用,水轮机转轮裂纹问题一直都在困扰高水头水电站机组的安全运行。针对转轮结构的应力集中和材料疲劳问题,通过介绍上标水电厂冲击式机组转轮裂纹的处理过程,对水斗转轮裂纹成因进行了技术分析和探讨,并据此,从参数设计、加工制造、材料采用和机组运行等多方面提出解决问题的相应对策,在解决冲击式水轮机转轮裂纹问题上取得了较好的成效。

Compared with other kinds of water turbines, water turbine runners have become a difficult issue for the safe operation of high-head hydropower plant units because the impulse water turbine is always affected by a complex dynamic load which has large variation magnitude and high alternative frequency. According to stress concentration and material fatigue of runners, this paper involves a technical analysis of and discussion about the cracks formation reasons of bucket runners by introducing the treatment process of cracks of runners on impulse unit in Shangbiao Hydropower Plant. Based on the former work, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures including parameter design, manufacturing, materials application and operation of units, and then solves the problem about cracks of runners on impulse water turbines effectively and provides beneficial reference for the treatmeant of impulse runners under similar conditions.