四川省绵竹市地震灾后早期防病评估

Early Assessment of Diseases Prevention After Earthquake at Mianzhu County,Sichuan Province

目的评价地震后早期(震后2周)防病措施及效果,为后续防病提供决策依据。方法使用设计统一的调查表,对18个镇及2个城区安置点震后防病状况进行现场询问、调查,统计分析调查结果,形成评估意见。结果调查358户,98.32%的灾民住在帐篷中,其中88.27%为简易帐篷,10.06%为专用帐篷,58.06%符合卫生学要求。重灾区和轻灾区中,厕所消毒处理的比例分别为92.70%和87.78%;粪便及时清运的比例分别为51.69%和51.67%;仅饮瓶装水的为0.84%,饮瓶装水或集中供水的为10.61%,饮用井水的为88.27%,其中未进行消毒的占2.22%,饮用河沟水的有3.91%,其中未进行消毒的占35.71%。调查的住户中,食用凉拌菜的占5.03%;吃过剩菜剩饭的占12.85%;认为蚊虫比去年较多的有33.52%,认为苍蝇比去年较多的占36.59%,认为老鼠比去年较多的占8.41%,其中发现死鼠的10户,占调查户的2.79%。所调查的乡镇全部通过《地震灾区传染病(症状)监测按日汇总报表》汇报发热、腹泻及犬伤患者。结论绵竹市灾后防病建立了高效运转的管理组织,各项技术措施因地制宜,针对性强,包括尸体掩埋,食品卫生,环境及饮用水消毒、传染病监测等各项措施落实有力,各项防病措施科学、合理、有序进行。

Objective To assess the measures and effects of diseases prevention in the early stage （2 weeks） after earthquake, and to provide the policy - making evidence for the next step. Method Field investigation was made in 18 townships and 2 victims＇ camps with designed uniformed questionnaire, and the data were analysed early assessment was produced. Result 358 families were investigated totally. 98.32% of the families lived in the tents, 88.27% of which was home - made, and only 10. 06% was saled tents. 58. 06% of the tents met the hygienic requirements. Among the severe and sub -severe affected townships, the proportion of sterilizing lavatories was 92. 70% and 87.78% respectively, and the proportion of timely cleaning up dejecta was 51.69% and 51.67%. 0. 84% of families drunk only bottled water, 10. 61% of families drunk bottled water and centralized water supply, 88. 27% families drunk water from well of which 2. 22% was not sterilized, and 3.91% families drunk water from river of which 35.71% was not sterilized. 5.03% of the investigated families took cold and dressed dishes, and 12. 85% of which took leftover. 33.52% informants thought mosquitoes were more than last year, 36. 59 % informants thought houseflies were more than last year, 8.41% informants thought rats were more than last year, and 10 families（2. 79% ） found dead rats after earthquake. The data of fever, diarrhea and canine - bite patients were reported everyday from the surveillance system at the inves-tigated townships. Conclusion High effective management organization of diseases prevention running system was set up after earthquake in Mianzhu County. The technique measures were directly pointed out and met the needs of local situation, including dead body burry, food hygien, living environment and drinkable water sterilization, communicable disease surveillance. All the excutive and technique measures for diseases prevention and control after the earthquake were scientifically, pertinently and orderly conducted.