四川省“5·12”地震灾区饮用水卫生情况分析

Drinking Water Sanitary Condition in Seismic Areas in Sichuan Province After Earthguake

目的了解"5·12"地震后灾区饮水状况,并采取有效措施保障饮水安全。方法在受灾最严重的6个市(州)开展饮水实验室监测工作和灾民安置点的快速监测工作。结果5月16日～7月6日,在灾民安置点现场快速检测水样49410件,实验室检测水样8915个。5月16日～5月23日,实验室监测水样970件,其中水源水合格率44%;出厂水合格率72%;末梢水合格率60%;分散式供水合格率38%。5月24日～6月1日,灾民安置点水质快检水样9779个,实验室检测水样1894件,其中水源水合格率58%;出厂水合格率80%;末梢水合格率80%;分散式供水合格率44%。同时对成都、绵阳等水源水和出厂水进行了放射性指标、"敌敌畏"、石油类指标监测,结果均未超标。(6月2日～7月6日)灾民安置点水质快检水样30716个,实验室检测水样6051件,其中出厂水合格率85%;末梢水合格率93%。结论目前灾区饮用水逐步好转,市政集中式供水和受灾群众安置点饮用水卫生安全有保障,部分乡镇集中式供水水质卫生状况不稳定,应采取相应对策和措施。

Objective To learn the drinking water condition in seismic areas after May 12 earthquake and take effective measures to protect drinking water safety. Method Drinking water laboratory surveillance was carried out in six severe seismic cities（ prefectures）, and fast surveillance work was conducted at victim resettlement sites. Results From May 16^th to July 6^th, 49 410 water samples from victim resettlement sites were fast deteced and 8 915 water specimens were laboratory examined. From May 16^th to May 23^th, 970 water samples were laboratory examined, of these, the results up to par rate were 44% of source water, 72% of out-factory water, 60% of distal water, 38% of separate supply water. From May 24th to June 1st, 9779 water samples from victim resettlement sites were fast detected and 1 894 water samples were laboratory examined, of these, the results up to par rate were 58% of source water, 80% of out-factory water, 80% of distal water, 44% of separate supply water. At the same time, source water and out-factory water at Chengdu, Mianyang etc. were detected of radioactive indices, dichlorvos and petroleum indices, and the results were normal. From June 2nd to July 6^th, 30 761 water samples from victim resettlement sites were fast detected and 6 051 water samples were laboratory examined, and the out-factory water up to par rate was 85% and distal water up to par rate was 93 percent. Discussion Currently. drinking water at seismic areas meliorated steadily, and the drink-ing water safety of municipal water supply and water provided at victim resettlement sites were guaranteed. The quality of water from towns or villages collecting water supply system was unstable and proper measuresshould be taken.