粉末活性炭应急处理模拟突发LAS污染源水试验研究

Study on the Emergent Treatment of Simulated LAS-polluted Raw Water Using Powdered Activated Carbon

论文考察了粉末活性炭预吸附对模拟突发阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)污染源水的应急处理效果,利用烧杯实验研究了粉末活性炭的炭种、投加量、吸附时间、混凝剂种类以及投加量对粉末活性炭预吸附消除LAS的影响。进行了为期约一个月,处理规模为4m3/h的中试试验,考察了常规处理对含LAS源水的处理效果,优化了活性炭投加点,并且探寻了粉末活性炭预吸附对模拟突发LAS污染源水的处理能力。烧杯实验结果表明木质活性炭对LAS的去除效果优于煤质活性炭,优化的投加量为30mg/L,吸附时间30min以上。活性炭吸附后投加混凝剂(PAC)20mg/L可达最佳效果。中试结果表明常规处理对含LAS源水处理效果差,滤后去除率低于5%。活性炭投加点宜设在常规处理前端,接触时间45min。采用粉末活性炭预吸附应急处理突发LAS污染源水,在LAS超标6倍以下,滤前出水可达标。粉末活性炭预吸附应急技术可行性高,处理费用仅0.0255元/m3,为可能突发的水源LAS污染事故应急处理提供了技术支持。

The removal efficiency of LAS in simulated LAS-polluted raw water by powdered activated carbon pre-treatment was studied. Jar tests were conducted to investigate the influence of activated carbon kind and dosage, adsorption time, coagulant kind and dosage on the removal efficiency of LAS. The pilot study （4 m3/d, last for a month） was conducted to investigate the removal efficiency of LAS by normal treatment （coagulation, precipitation and filtration）, the optimum activated carbon dosing point and LAS removal capacity in emergent treatment. The jar results showed that removal efficiency of LAS by wood based activated carbon tend to be higher than by coal-based activated carbon. Activated carbon dosage of 30 mg/L and adsorption time more than 30 minutes was supposed to be the optimum condition. Moreover, PAC dosage of 20 mg/L was proved to be the best coagulant kind and dosage after activated carbon adsorption. In addition, the pilot testing results showed that removal efficiency of LAS in LAS-polluted raw water treated by normal process was very poor which was less than 5 % after filtration. Meanwhile, the optimum dosing point was set before normal process to ensure 45 minutes contacting time. Furthermore, the results also indicated that the emergency treatment helped to lower the LAS concentrations in precipitated water to the standard value steadily when the initial LAS concentration was below 6 times of standard value. Moreover, the emergency treating technology proved to be of great practicability. The treatment cost was 0.0255 yuan RMB per ton water. Thus, it could provide a strong technical support for emergency treatment with LAS-polluted accident.