固定化酶降解污染水体中有机物及抑制藻类的初步研究

Preliminary Study on Degradation of Organics and Inhibition of Algae in Polluted Water by Immobilized Enzymes

采用海藻酸钙微胶囊包埋固定化酶方法,模拟研究固定化酶降解污染水体中有机物及抑制藻类的效果。考察了固定化纤维素酶和脂肪酶微胶囊的最佳芯壳比及酶浓度的影响,发现酶浓度为1mg/L,芯壳比为1∶3时固定化酶对水中污染物的去除率较高。固定化酶对不同有机物都具有一定的降解作用,但对苯酚等难降解有机物去除率不高,而且对水体中的藻类有抑制作用。模拟天然水体情况下,固定化酶对有机污染物去除效果明显,固定化复合酶去除效果较好且还具有显著的复氧作用。

Immobilized enzymes were prepared by embedding enzymes into microcapsules which were formed by reacting sodium alginate with calcium ion. The validity of immobilized lipase and cellulase for the degradation of organics was investigated, and the optimum core-shell ratio and the effect of enzyme concentration were examined. With the enzyme concentration of 1 mg/L and the core-shell ratio of 1：3, immobilized enzymes had the higher efficiency to remove pollutants in the water. Immobilized enzymes can degrade various kinds of organics and inhibit the growth of algae, but the removal efficiency was low for the refractory organics such as phenol. Under the condition of the simulated natural water bodies, immobilized enzymes had the considerable effect on organic pollutants＇ removal. The immobilized composite enzyme had the better removal effect and can remarkably increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water.