国内外尾矿坝事故主要危险因素的分析研究

The analysis of main risk factors about tailings dam accidents at home and abroad

近年来,尾矿库溃坝造成人员伤亡和有毒污染物下泄的事故屡屡发生,给人民群众生命财产造成重大损失,对环境安全构成重要威胁。本文通过辨识国内外尾矿坝溃坝事故主要危险因素,分析了尾矿坝坝型、坝高、溃坝原因、溃坝后果、构筑物型式与溃坝事故之间的相互关系,挖掘了导致尾矿坝溃坝的规律性特征,进而提出了降低溃坝概率及减少溃坝损失的技术措施和管理措施。本文为分析尾矿库溃坝事故原因和研究制定相关对策措施提供依据,对于提高安全监管工作的效率和水平有一定实际意义。

Recently, the accidents of tailing dam failure leading to casualties and toxic pollutants occurred frequent- ly. Which brought tremendous economic losing to the country and people＇s life security, and constituted grave threats to environment security. On the basis of the identification of main danger factors of dam failure accidents of tailings dam at home and abroad, this paper analyzed the disaster mechanism of dam failure, and introduced the correlation between railings dam type, dam height, darn failure causes, dam failure impact, structure foundation and dam-break accident. Then the regulated characteristics about dam failure were presented. Furthermore, some technology and management suggestions about decreasing the failure probability and reducing the failure loss were put forward. This paper provided the basis for analyzing causes of dam-break and studying on making the corresponding countermeasures. This paper has practical meaning for improving the supervise efficiency and level.