出租车运营中空车行为的仿真研究

Simulation study on impacts of vacant taxi behavior on system performance

我国出租车运营系统有下列特点:1)空车在路网上巡游来寻找乘客,空车行为对系统性能影响显著;2)路边随机停靠搭载是主要的上下车形式.基于此,采用了离散事件仿真技术模拟出租车在路网上搜索乘客并提供出行服务的动态过程,研究了不同空车策略对系统性能的影响.仿真结果表明,基于历史信息的空车策略能够有效提高系统运营效率,而提供呼叫服务对于出租车运营方是不利的.该研究有助于出租车公司提高空车效率,也能够为城市交通管理部门决策提供理论依据.

A taxi operation system in our country possesses the following features： 1 ） vacant taxis cruise the streets looking for passengers, and the vacant taxis behavior exerts great influence on system performance; 2） it is quite common that taxis may pick up passengers anywhere on roadside. Thus a discrete event system simulation model for cruising taxis is proposed in this paper. The dynamic processes of taxis searching for passengers and providing travel services are simulated, and the impacts of the search strategies on system performance are quantitatively analyzed. Through a simulation experiment, it is shown that strategies based on history information can help to raise system efficiency, and cruising taxis can not benefit from equipping a radio dispatch system. This study is helpful to taxi operators for raising their vacant taxi efficiency and to urban transportation department for providing better services.