产业集群网络失灵及其政策启示

Network Failures of Industrial Clusters and Enlightenments for Policies

近年来,不断涌现的各类网络组织形式在企业应对动荡经营环境的过程中发挥着积极作用,尤其是产业集群因其广泛的辐射力更是被誉为区域经济发展的助推器,而成为很多地方政府关注并培育的对象。但是由于网络本身特点,使得网络组织作为一种治理方式也同样存在失灵现象。不少学者对分包制的弊端以及战略联盟的高失败率进行了探讨,但是对于产业集群这一更为复杂的网络组织所存在的失灵现象关注有限。文章从网络目标明确性、网络结构化程度以及网络主体多样化3个维度比较了产业集群区别于分包制和战略联盟的网络特性,并据此提出产业集群特有的失灵现象:产业网络规模困境、社会关系困境和支撑机构困境。在此基础上,进一步探讨了网络失灵现象对集群发展政策的启示。

Recently, the ever-emerging network organizations have been playing an active role for enterprises to cope with turbulent market circumstances. Especially the industrial clusters, extolled as the impetus of district economic development for their extensive radiation, are becoming the concerns and cultivation from local governments. But due to its unique features, there also exists malfunction of network as a kind of governance mode. Although scholars have treated the malady of outsourcing and high failure rate of strategy alliance, they failed to focus on the network failure of industrial clusters, a more complex network organization. This paper analyzes network features of industrial clusters comparing with that of outsourcing and strategy alliance from dimensions of object definirude, structures level and body diversification, then puts forward the representation of industrial clusters＇ network failure such as dilemma of network scale, social relationship and supporting institutions. In the end, this paper furthers to discuss the enlightenments of malfunction to clusters＇ development policy.