三峡库区危岩群发性机理与防治——以万州太白岩为例

A massive development mechanism and countermeasures for perilous rocks in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of P.R.China:The example of the Taibaiyan cliff at Wanzhou

以太白岩危岩为例,研究获得了群发性危岩的形成条件,即泥岩和砂岩交互成层组合、陡峻的地形及高强度的降雨;揭示了危岩群发性机理演绎过程,包括从陡崖底部逐渐向崖顶演化的微观链和从临空面向山体内部演化的宏观链,陡崖砂岩底部的岩腔是危岩群发性机理的起搏器,宏观链中位于陡崖顶部的危岩块受到裂隙水压力作用易于破坏;针对单个危岩体,提出了2种荷载组合,基于极限平衡理论建立了危岩稳定性分析方法;基于危岩群发性机理,研发了危岩支撑-锚固联合治理技术和锚钉-锚杆(索)联合治理技术两类核心技术。

Perilous rock is a dominant geological hazard in Three Gorges Reservoir area of P. R. China. The Taibaiyan cliff at Wanzhou is a representative case of massive perilous rocks in the area. Using this cliff as an example, the conditions triggering massive perilous rocks were studied and described. This included examining the following three conditions： alternating layers of mudstone and sandstone; steep landforms such as cliffs or scarps; and intense rainfall. The massive development mechanism for perilous rocks was discussed, including micro-chained pattern gradual and interval evolution from the bottom to the summit of the cliffs individually as perilous rock, and a macro-chained pattern evolving stage by stage from the cliff face backward up the mountain. In some respects, rock cells below sandstone in cliffs serves as the pulsating valve of the massive development mechanism for perilous rock. In any micro-chained pattern, perilous rock situated on summits is the easiest to rupture due to the fissure pressure. For any single perilous rock, two load compositions were derived. In addition, methods for analyzing perilous rock stability were established in detail using the limit equilibrium principle. Two key techniques, a union scheme that both supports and anchors and a union scheme that nails and anchors, are proposed in light of the massive development mechanism for perilous rock.