带有人类学面孔的认识论——维特根斯坦论盲目遵守规则

The Epistemology with Anthropology Face——On Obeying Rules Blindly in Wittgenstein

维特根斯坦在其后期著作《哲学研究》中探讨遵守规则的时候,向"被规则引导"的传统观点提出了根本挑战,他声称不存在精神与世界超强联系的超级事实,而主张存在共同体生活形式的一致这样一个客观事实,所以人们不能"私人地遵守规则";主张存在包括语言在内的人们的习惯这样一个起到背景、框架作用的客观事实,所以人们"盲目遵守规则"。结论是:遵守规则也是一种实践,从而把认识论牢固地建立在人们生活基础之上。"盲目地遵守规则"较之"不能私人地遵守规则",更加强调生活形式在遵守规则时的框架、背景作用;仅仅凸显遵守规则的公共性,尚不能完全堵死柏拉图式的精神实体的传统认识论路径。

In his later Philosophical Investigations Wittgenstein challenged the traditional ideas of being guided by rules and argued that there is not this superlative relation between mind and world but objective fact of agreement in form of life so that it is not possible to obey a rule privately and that there is the objective fact of habit including language which plays a framework role so that one obeys the rule blindly. That obeying a rule is a practice firmly founded epistemology on form of life. To obey a rule blindly more emphasizes framework in obeying a rule and restrains Plato＇s ideal entity than not to obey a rule privately.