异形词的同义与互换

Synonyms and Exchange of Profiled Words

异形词的"同义"必须具备五个条件,即都是普通话词语、都是书面语词语、都是并存并用词语、都是同音词语、都是书写形式不同的词语。与同义词的"同义"有别,异形词的"同义"指同义项,同义项的词义完全相同。全等关系的"同义",其内部的理据有差异,只是没有造成包括理性义、色彩义、语法义等词语意义的不同;包孕、交叉关系的"同义",其概念意义有差别,只是不影响词语核心的意义。全等异形词"在任何语境下可以互换"使用;包孕、交叉异形词,只有在表示"重合"的义项时才可以互换使用。

＂ Synonyms＂ of profiled words share five characteristics： the mandarin words, written words, coexisted words, homonym words, and different written words. Different from the ＂Synonyms＂ of common words, the ＂Synonyms＂ of profiled words refers to the synonymous meaning or the same meaning of some words. Profiled words with the same meanings differ from one another in reason sometimes, instead of differences in rational justice, color and grammar. The agreement of baoyun and cross-ties shows the differences in the synonymous concept; however, it doesn＇t affect the core meaning of the words. The profiled words with the same meaning can be ＂exchangeable in any context＂, while the baoyun and cross-ties profiled words only can be exchanged in ＂coincidence＂.