云南哀牢山徐家坝常绿阔叶林的鸟类取食集团

Birds Foraging Guilds in Xujiaba Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest of Ailao Mountain

2006年3-4月,采用无距离估计样线法对云南哀牢山徐家坝中山湿性常绿阔叶林中的鸟类群落做了直接观察,观察到鸟类取食行为14345次只。运用聚类分析,依据鸟类的栖息取食行为格局将62种鸟划分为11个取食集团:(G1)地面拾取集团、(G2)地面扒取集团、(G3)树冠层飞取/拾取集团、(G4)树冠层飞取集团、(G5)树干层探取集团、(G6)灌层竹秆探取集团、(G7)树干粗枝搜寻集团、(G8)树冠层粗枝搜寻集团、(G9)树冠层拾取集团、(G10)灌丛下层叶层/树干/地面拾取集团、(G11)灌层拾取集团。结果表明,由于各个集团在栖息基层、取食基层及取食方式上的分离,使各集团分割了该地区的取食空间和食物资源;而集团内部的各个种间主要通过对取食高度的划分,使得集团内部的取食空间和食物资源得到了更深层次的利用,使种间竞争减至最小。其结果还表明,鸟类取食集团的数量和结构因不同的植被类型而异,顶级群落中包含的鸟类种类更多,各个种间的生态位分化也更为细致。

The bird community of the middle-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest, Xujiaba, Ailao Mountain, were directly observed from March to April in 2006. Throughout the observation, 14 345 times of flee foraging behavior were observed. The study adopted the method of line transect without estimations. Partitioning occurs primarily by structure of forging behavior of birds. Through cluster （Furthest Neighbor）, the 62 birds species were divided into 11 vertical spatial perch guilds; （G1） ground gleaning foraging guild; （G2） ground scratching foraging guild; （G3） canopy aerial foraging/gleaning foraging guild; （G4） canopy aerial foraging guild; （G5） trunk barking foraging guild; （Gr） brush of bamboo pole barking foraging guild; （G7） trunk bough searching foraging guild; （G8） canopy bough searching foraging guild; （G9） canopy gleaning foraging guild; （G10） underbrush foliage/trunk/ground gleaning foraging guild; and （G11） brush gleaning foraging guild. The results indicate that each guild partitions the fooding space and the food resource in this area because of the different perch substrate, foraging substrate and foraging methods. In each guild, bird species can be further divided mainly by foraging height, so that the fooding space and the food resource get further division in the guild, which minimizes the competition between species. Finally, all species in the community can reach dynamic balance. At the same time, the numbers and structures of the bird foraging guild are different in various vegetation types. There are more bird species in the climax community, and their ecology-like status are much more different.