塔里木河中游塔里木马鹿对生境选择的初步分析

Preliminary Analysis on the Habitat Selection of Red Deer Tarim Species (Cervus elaphus Yarkandensis) in Middle Reaches of Tarim River

开展塔里木马鹿生境选择的研究,对分析塔里木马鹿生境丧失的原因和该物种的保护具有重要的意义。2006年7月和12月在塔里木河中游塔里木胡杨林自然保护区对塔里木马鹿夏季和冬季生境的选择进行了研究。选择5类生态因子,并设置180个10×10(m)样方。选择指数的结果表明,塔里木马鹿喜欢胡杨和芦苇、植物覆盖度较大、水源距离较近和认为干扰距离>1000 m的环境。其中夏季多选择芦苇灌丛和胡杨林,冬季选择胡杨林,芦苇和柽柳灌丛。对生境特征的主成分分析显示,前3个主成分的累计贡献率夏季达到61.683%,冬季达到60.039%,可以反映塔里木马鹿的生境特征,同时表明,影响塔里木马鹿生境选择的主要因素依次为人为干扰、植被类型和距水源距离。

The objective of this study was to investigate the habitat selection of Red deer Tarim species （ C. e. Yarkandensis ） in middle reaches of Tarim River. Therefore scietists carried out the study of Red deer Tarim species which were seriously affected by human acti - vities in Jul. and Dec. 2006. Because the habitat of Red deer Tarim species is being continuously decreased and the population density is being seriously imperiled. Five habitat factors were measured from 180 samples of 10 × 10 m and were analyzed. The index of habitat selection indicated that Red deer Tarim species preferred Populus diversifolia and Phragmites communis, high coverage vegetation, high food abundance , near water source, distance from human disturbance over 〉 1 000 m. In summer more preferred the Phragmites communis and Populus diversifolia, in winter mare preferred to select Populus diversifolia and also select Phragmites communis and Tamarix . The principal component analysis result showed that Human disturbance , vegetation type and distance from water source are the primary factors for the habitat selection of Red deer Tarim species.