塔里木河下游胡杨林生态效益评价及其保护对策

Assessment on Economic Efficiency of Populus euphratica Forest in Lower Reaches of Tarim River and Its Countermeasures

胡杨是塔里木河流域唯一的成林树种,也是世界上古老而珍贵的植物。通过不同角度对塔里木河下游胡杨林的生态效益进行了研究分析,结果表明:塔里木河下游胡杨林具有防风固沙、保持水土、调节气候的作用,甚至在人类和社会的健康及可持续发展中也发挥着巨大功能。但是由于近50年来人类活动的干扰,塔里木河下游胡杨林面积日益减少,处于濒危状态,因此,应该适时生态输水、退耕还林并制定相应的政策和法规来保护下游日益萎缩的胡杨林,保持下游绿色走廊生态系统的可持续性。

Populus euphratica is. only species which forms forest in the lower reaches of Tarim River. It is also a kind of old and precious plant in the world. The ecological effectiveness of Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of Tarim River were studied and analyzed from different angles. The results showed that Populus euphratica fulfils many useful functions. It can stop wind, prevent sand, prevent loss of soil and watererosion. However, Populus euphratica forest aera is becoming smaller and smaller in last 50 years and even in danger because of interference of human activities. Accordingly, the appropriate measures should be taken to keep ecological system being sustainable.