我国国有企业改革的效率考察

The evaluation of reform efficiency of state-owned enterprises

国有企业改革是经济体制改革的重要内容。在30年的改革中,国有企业经历了从"放权让利"到"制度创新",取得了一定的成效,但也暴露出许多问题。从增加值、利润、亏损、劳动生产率等指标来评价国有企业改革的效率,发现国有企业在增加值、劳动生产率等领域已经具有较高的效率,但利润水平依然不高,亏损情况还较严重。这既有历史原因,也与当前的政策体制有关。针对这些问题,需要进一步深化国有企业的结构调整和垄断行业的改革,完善国有资本经营预算机制。

The reform of state - owned enterprises is the important content of the reform of economic system. In the reform in past thirty years, state- owned enterprises have experienced the change from ＂ decentralization＂ to ＂ system innovation＂, and made some achievements, but many problems have also emerged. This paper uses the indexes of added value, profits, losses, labor productivity and so on to evaluate the reform efficiency of state - owned enterprises and the results show that they have had comparatively high efficiency in such areas as added value and labor productivity, but the profit is still low, and losses are still serious. The problems are due to historical factors, and also related to current policies. It also points out that it is necessary to enhance the structure adjustment of state - owned enterprises and the reform of monopoly industries, and to consummate budget mechanism for managing state - owned capital.