成矿流体中金的沉淀机理研究述评

A REVIEW ON DEPOSITIONAL MECHANISMS OF Au FROM HYDROTHERMAL ORE—FORMING FLUID

成矿流体中金的沉淀机理是金地球化学的一个重要研究领域。建立在现代实验地球化学和络合物化学等理论基础上，热液成矿流体中金的迁移形式研究已经取得很大进展。结合矿床地球化学、流体包裹体地球化学等的研究，对金的沉淀机理已提出了许多假说，如沸腾作用、不同流体的混合作用、流体不混溶作用、热液蚀变等等。一方面，受成矿地质环境的制约，不同矿床类型和不同成矿环境，金的沉淀机理可能不同；另一方面，不同沉淀机理还有各自不完善之处，需要更深入地研究。而成矿实验地球化学、计算机模拟等可以发挥重要作用。

The depositional mechanisms of Au from hydrothermal ore-forming fluid is an important study field among the geochemistry of Au. Based on modern experiment geochemistry, complexes chemistry, ore deposit geochemistry and fluid inclusion geochemistry and so on, several geological hypothesis about depositional mechanisms of Au have been suggested, such as the boiling of oreforming fluid, the mixing of two or more fluids, the immiscibility of the oreforming fluid, the hydrothermal alteration and so on. On the one hand, under the control of geological environment, the depositional mechamisms may vary with the different oreforming environments and genetic types, on the other hand, the depositional mechanisms reviewed in this paper have a different degree of imperfections respectively that need making a thorough investigation and study.