也谈动量词的语义特征

On the Semantic Features of Action-measure Words

计量和表量过程中存在内部视点与外部视点、内部基准与外部基准之分。从计量基准来源的角度出发,依据动作与事物、时间、空间、动作结果、动作自身等因素的关联,可得出[+用事相关性]、[+时间相关性]、[+空间相关性]、[+自身相关性]等几种类型基准来对动量词进行更有效的语义分析和次类划分。这些语义上的相关性同时还是促成不同次类的动量词与动词搭配的语义基础。

As a close relation between motion and time lies, all action-measure words have the essential feature [ ＋ reckoning by time]. But this common feature can＇ t explain the inner semantic mechanism causing different collocations between different action-measure words and different verbs effectively. Mter looking into the process of measuring, we find that a measure unit, which can be the action itself or the components related to it,must be chosen firstly when we measure the momentum of one action. From the origiusof the measure unit （e.g. component used, time, pace, the action itself）, we put forward several new concepts, such as[ ＋ component-used-relatedness], [ ＋ time-relatedness], [ ＋ space-relatedness], [ ＋ self-relatedness], to analyze the semantic features of the sub-categories of action-measure words and the inner semantic mechanism causing the different coUocations between different action-measure words and different verbs.