中国各省火电行业的技术效率及其提升方向——基于三阶段DEA模型的分析

Technical Efficiency and Its Upgrade Orientation of Thermal Power Industry in Provinces of China ——Based on the Analysis of Three-stage DEA Model

文章利用DEA三阶段分析法对2004年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)火电行业进行了排除环境变量和统计噪音影响的技术效率分析,结果表明很多省份火电行业效率水平的确受到地区经济发展水平、资源禀赋等环境变量和好坏运气的影响,在同质经营环境下规模效率不高的问题更为突出。根据纯技术效率和规模效率的水平,文章将中国各省火电行业的发展分为四种类型,并针对13个纯技术效率并非完全有效的省,提出资金节约型、资源节约型、劳动力节约型和环境友好型四种提升模式,最后得出上大压小、严格资源的集约利用标准等宏观政策建议。

The paper evaluates technical efficiency of thermal power industry in 30 provinces of China in 2004 with DEA three-stage model by excluding the effects of environmental variables and statistical noise. The results demonstrate that the technical efficiencies in many regions are really affected by environments and luck, such as local economic level and resource endowment etc. Obviously, scale efficiency is not high in the homogenous operating environment. According to pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, Chinese thermal power industry is divided into four modes. The special upgrade models against 13 provinces whose pure technical efficiencies are non-complete effective are put forward, including capital-efficiency model, resource-saving model, labor-saving model and environment-friendly model. At the end, some macro-policy implications are proposed, such as encouraging the large thermal power plants and shutting down the small ones, and constituting strict resource intensive utilization standards.