陕西夏商周考古发现与研究

Archaeological Discoveries and Researches of the Xia-Shang-Zhou Dynasties in Shaanxi Province

This article is a synthesis of the archaeological discoveries and researches on the Xia-Shang-Zhou Dynasties in Shaanxi Province during the past fifty years. The archaeological data demonstrates that the Laoniupo Type which was characterised by the local cultural elements influenced by the Qijia Culture and Erlitou Culture,is distributed in the eastern Guanzhong Plain and the Upper Danjiang River,and can be dated to the early period of the Xia Dynasty,following by the Phase III and Phase IV of the Erlitou Culture. This phenomenon shows that the eastern Guanzhong Plain had been under the control of the Xia at that period. At the same period in the western Guanzhong Plain,there existed the Chuanhekou Type of the Qijia Culture and the Wanglutai Type. Immediately after the foundation of the Shang Dynasty,the early Shang Culture reached to the eastern Guanzhong Plain and the Upper Danjiang River,then pushed westward to the Zhouyuan during the Middle Shang Period,producing a new cultural type "Jingdang Type" which has been proved to be closely related to the pre-Zhou Culture,the Liujia Culture,Nianzipo Culture,Baoshan Culture in the Southern Shaanxi and Lijiaya Culture in the Northern Shaanxi. After the retreat of the Shang Culture in the Jin and Wei River,the Pre-Zhou culture dominated this area and finally formed the Western Zhou civilisation. In the past few decades,the archaeological excavations and investigations in the large feodal settlements such as Zhouyuan,Zhougongmiao and Zhaojiatai,and in the feodal states as Shi and Rui at Liangdaicun Village,are particularly worthy to be mentioned. These discoveries yielded a large quantity of bronzes and oracle bone inscriptions,providing valuable materials not only to the studies of history,culture,economics and politics,but also to that of the social structure in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

This article is a synthesis of the archaeological discoveries and researches on the Xia-Shang-Zhou Dynasties in Shaanxi Province during the past fifty years. The archaeological data demonstrates that the Laoniupo Type which was characterised by the local cultural elements influenced by the Qijia Culture and Erlitou Culture, is distributed in the eastern Guanzhong Plain and the Upper Danjiang River, and can be dated to the early period of the Xia Dynasty, following by the Phase Ⅲ and Phase Ⅳ of the Erlitou Culture. This phenomenon shows that the eastern Guanzhong Plain had been under the control of the Xia at that period. At the same period in the western Guanzhong Plain, there existed the Chuanhekou Type of the Qijia Culture and the Wanglutai Type. Immediately after the foundation of the Shang Dynasty, the early Shang Culture reached to the eastern Guanzhong Plain and the Upper Danjiang River, then pushed westward to the Zhouyuan during the Middle Shang Period, producing a new cultural type ＂Jingdang Type＂ which has been proved to be closely related to the pre-Zhou Culture, the Liujia Culture, Nianzipo Culture, Baoshan Culture in the Southern Shaanxi and Lijiaya Culture in the Northern Shaanxi. After the retreat of the Shang Culture in the Jin and Wei River, the Pre-Zhou culture dominated this area and finally formed the Western Zhou civilisation. In the past few decades, the archaeological excavations and investigations in the large feodal settlements such as Zhouyuan, Zhougongmiao and Zhaojiatai, and in the feodal states as Shi and Rui at Liangdaicun Village, are particularly worthy to be mentioned. These discoveries yielded a large quantity of bronzes and oracle bone inscriptions, providing valuable materials not only to the studies of history, culture, economics and politics, but also to that of the social structure in the Western Zhou Dynasty.