第二语言(汉语)教学难点

On Difficulties of Second Language Teaching

本文根据第二语言教学经验和语言对比研究成果,论述第二语言(汉语)教学难点的概念、类型以及如何提取难点等问题。文章认为,教学难点是指由于母语和目的语存在特殊的"差异"和"空缺"而造成的"顽固性"偏误,可以从不同的角度进行不同的分类。从母语和目的语的对应关系上,可分为空缺难点和近似难点;从难点的性质上,可以分为深度难点和浅度难点,隐性难点和显性难点,表层难点和深层难点等。提取难点有多种方法和多种角度,但最重要的是从教学偏误和语言对比中提取难点。难点可以从差异中提取,包括语言类型差异、显性和隐性差异、韵律差异、音节差异等。语言教学难点的研究存在理论方法问题,值得深入探讨。

Based on the experience of Second Language（SLT ） and the acmevemenrs oI tanguage comparison, thil paper attempts to discuss such problems as the definition and the types of the difficulties in Chinese as a SLT as well as how to abstract the difficulties in teaching. This paper proposes that these difficulties result from the habitual errors caused by special differences and insufficient correlation between the mother tongue and the target language, thus can be categorized into three groups： firstly, the miscorrelation in difficulties and similar difficulties in terms of the correlation between the mother tongue and the target language; secondly, in terms of the characters of difficulties, deep difficulties and flat diffi- culties, potential difficulties and apparent difficulties. Amid various methods and points of view to abstract the difficulties, the most important is to abstract from teaching errors and language comparison. The difficulties can also be abstracted from the differences including differences of language types, apparent and potential differences, rhythm differences and syllable differences. This paper holds that further discussion of the theoretical methods and research on difficulties of SLT should be conducted.