小学生攻击、情绪问题发展趋势与自我控制关系的追踪研究

Longitudinal Study on the Development Tendence of Aggressive and Emotional Disorder and the Relationships with Self-control

目的了解小学生攻击、情绪问题的发展趋势及其与自我控制的关系,为开展小学生心理行为干预研究提供依据。方法教师填答问卷收集资料,用多层线性模型进行统计分析。结果小学二至五年级学生攻击、情绪问题存在显著的个体差异。攻击问题的线性模型与数据拟合程度高,情绪问题与二次增长模型拟合程度高。自我控制分数低的儿童2种问题行为的分数都高,自我控制分数低的男生比女生情绪问题分数高。二至五年级男生和女生在攻击、情绪问题上的斜率差异无统计学意义。二年级时的自我控制能显著预测后期的问题行为。结论二至五年级期间小学生的攻击问题表现为线性下降趋势,情绪问题表现为U型变化趋势。

Objective To investigate the development tendence of aggressive and emotional disorder among pupils and the relationships between the development and self-control, so as to provide bases for their psychological intervention. Methods Teachers were asked to complete Teacher-Child Rating Scale and data were analyzed by hierarchical linear model. Results There were significant differences in aggressive and emotional disorder between individuals of grade two to five. The linear model of aggressive and quadratic model of emotional disorder were fitted to data. Children who were rated low in self-control manifested high scores in aggressive and emotional disorder. Boys who were rated low in self-control manifested higher scores in emotional disorder than girls. The slopes for boys and girls were identical in aggressive and emotional disorder from grade two to five. The self-control in grade two predicted later problem behaviors significantly. Conclusion From grade two to five, the growth curve of aggressive and emotional disorder were linear and quadratic, respectively.