铅镉联合暴露对大鼠肾脏功能损伤的研究

Effects of combined exposure to lead and cadmium on nephrotoxicity in rats

目的探讨铅、镉对大鼠肾脏功能损伤的联合毒性作用。方法对大鼠进行铅(300 mgPb/L)、镉(50 mgCd/L)单独和联合(300 mgPb/L+50 mgCd/L)饮水染毒8周,检测尿液中碱性磷酸酶(UALP)、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(UNAG)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(UGGT)活力和总蛋白(UTP)、α1-微球蛋白(Uα1-MG)、微量白蛋白(UmAlb)含量的动态变化。结果单独染毒除2周时Pb、Cd组Uα1-MG含量与Pb组UALP活力外,其余所测指标均从染毒2周开始明显高于对照组(P<0.05;P<0.01),且升高幅度与染毒时间呈正相关;联合染毒组从2周开始,所测指标均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。在整个试验过程中,联合染毒组尿酶活力和尿蛋白含量均高于单独染毒组。结论Pb、Cd联合暴露对大鼠肾脏功能的损伤呈协同毒性效应。

Objective To study the nephrotoxicity of toxicological interactions between lead and cadmium. Methods Lead acetate （300 mg/L） and/or cadmium chloride （50 mg/L） were administered as drinking water to rats for eight weeks. Activities of alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, N-acetyl-β3-D- glucosaminidase （NAG）, γ-glutamil-transpeptidase （GGT） and contents of total protein （TP）, α1-microglobulin （α1-MG）, microalbumin （mAlb） in the urine during the experiment were detected. Results Compared with the control group, all of the indices except the contents of Uα1-MG in the Pb, Cd group and activities of UALP in the Pb group at the time of 2-week exposure increased significantly from the beginning of exposed for two weeks（ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）, especially the changes in the （Pb ＋ Cd） group were the greatest（ P 〈 0.01 ）. There had Positive correlation between the activities of urinary enzymes/ contents of urinary proteins in the exposed groups and the exposure time. Activities of urinary enzymes and contents of urinary proteins in the （Pb ＋ Cd ） group were all higher than those in the Pb/Cd group during the process. Conclusion Function of the kidney was damaged badly by these metals and synergistic effect lay in the co-administration.