杉木不同遗传改良途径良种生产力分析

Analysis on Productivity of Cunninghamia lanceolata Forest with Different Improved Varieties

以杉木不同类型种子园、优良家系等良种为材料,进行不同途径良种的造林对比试验。从4年生和18年生试验林的2次生长量调查情况反映出不同途径良种的生产力水平是不同的。4年生时生长较快的前10位良种到18年生时的中选率只有60%;18年生时开化种源种子园的那坡小区混系种子、长乐1.5代混系种子、龙泉双系种子园混系种子及湘零陵9、龙泉15、龙泉5优良家系种子造林的林分平均单株材积遗传增益分别为80.9%、54.5%、49.1%、42.0%、38.9%、33.5%;按种源类别统计,龙泉双系种子园材积生长量最大,遗传增益达到49.1%,长乐1.5代种子园、种源种子园和本省(浙江)选优良家系的遗传增益也在30%以上,而从外省未经子代测定而收集到的15个优树无性系的遗传增益仅为0.8%。为获得高增长的遗传改良效益,用真正优良的优树无性系2个或多个配置,是营建杉木高级种子园较理想的模式。

Comparison test was implemented on afforestation with different improved Cunninghamia lanceolata seeds. Investigations on increment of 4-year and 18-year trees demonstrated different productivity. The top ten improved seeds with fast increment in the first 4 years remained only 60% in the 18th year. At 18-year-old, compared with the control, the seeds from mixed clonal seed orchards of Kaihua, one and half generation orchards of Changle, bi-clonal seed orchards of Longquan, Xianglinglin No 9, Longquan No 15 and Longquan No 5 showed genetic gain of mean single tree volume of 80.9%, 54.5%, 49.1%, 42.0%, 38.9% and 33.5%. The seeds from bi-clonal seed orchards of Longquan showed the greatest volume gain with genetic gain of 49.1%, followed by those from one and half generation orchards of Changle, provenance orchards and local（Zhejiang province） good families orchards with genetic gain of 30%. While seeds from other province without filial generation verification showed only 0.8%. Bi-clonal or multi-clonal orchards were proposed to be ideal mode to obtain high genetic gain.