爱玉子(Ficus awkeotsang)不同品系的繁殖生态学比较

Comparison of reproduction ecology of different Ficus awkeotsang strains

对不同品系爱玉子（Ficus awkeotsang）的繁殖系统进行了研究。推算表明：爱玉子栽培的雌、雄株数量配植比例可以从目前的4～5：1提高到23—24：1，以使传粉小蜂种群达到合理密度，提高结实率和成虫瘿率，增加单位面积雌株的栽培数量，提高爱玉子单位面积产量，增加土地栽培效益。比较爱玉子不同品系雌、雄花序的B期（雌花期）与雄花序的D期（雄花期）花序数量变化及持续时间，结果表明：栽培爱玉子雄花序D期时长约1个月，而雌、雄花序的B期时长却是2～3个月，B、D期不能完全重叠，导致B期花序因没有小蜂传粉（或产卵）而脱落。因此建议对雄株的B期花序进行人工引蜂的方法修复小蜂种群，从而延长雄性品系D期时长；而雌、雄品系配植模式应为1：2～4，即1个雌株品系与2—4个D期依次衔接的雄株品系配植。福建省的爱玉子栽培急需引进和选育D期早熟和晚熟的雄性品系。

The reproductive characters of different Ficus awkeotsang strains were studied. It was indicated by calculation that the ratio of female plants to male plants of cultivated Ficus awkeotsang could be increased from current 4 -5：1 to 23 - 24：1 so as to attain a reasonable density of wasp population, raise fruit rate and gall turning rate, increase the number of female trees per unit area, enhance the yield of Ficus awkeotsang, and thus improve the efficiency of land cultivation. The change of syconia number and the duration of phase B （female flowering phase） and phase D （ male flowering phase） of different Ficus awkeotsang strains were compared. Results showed that the length of phase D of male syconia was about one month, while the length of phase B of female and male syconia was 2 - 3 months. This means that phase B and phase D could not overlap completely, resulting in the falling of syconia in phase B due to lack of wasps for pollination （ or oviposition）. Therefore, we suggest that pollination wasps could be introduced artificially to male syconia of phase B so as to prolong the phase D of male strains ; and the match between female and male strains should be 1：2 - 4, namely, one female strain is cultivated with 2 -4 male strains with successive D phases. Introduction or breeding of male trains with early mature and late mature phase D is urgently required for Ficus awkeotsang cultivation in Fujian.