退化红壤植被恢复对土壤螨类群落结构的影响

Effects of vegetations restoration on soil mite community in degraded red soil,Subtropical China

对退化红壤地区的旱生性草坡、稀疏针叶林、针叶林、针阔混交林等4种植被恢复类型及裸地、顶级常绿阔叶林等2个对照样地的土壤螨类群落进行四季调查,共捕获4亚目53科,其中隐气门亚目27科(Cryptostigmata),前气门亚目(Prostigmata)17科,中气门亚目(Mesostigmata)8科,无气门亚目(Astigmata)1科,优势类群为矮汉甲螨科(Nanhermanniidae)和单翼甲螨科(Haplozetidae),常见类群包括若甲螨科(Oribatulidae)、盖头甲螨科(Tectocepheidae)等16科。应用个体密度、类群数、香农多样性、密度-类群DG指数、丰富度和均匀度、甲螨群落的MGP分析和捕食性螨类MI指数,研究其中螨类的群落结构特征。研究结果表明:不同植被类型土壤螨类群落差异显著,各项指标均以常绿阔叶林为最高,其次为稀疏针叶林,显著高于其它样地(p<0.05),针叶林和裸地处于最低水平。甲螨群落类群结构中,各植被类型中的甲螨群落均属于M型;甲螨个体密度结构类型中,裸地属于MP型,旱生性草坡属P型,常绿阔叶林属于O型,其它均属于M型。中气门螨类的MI指数在各植被类型没有明显的变化。DCA分析将6类型分为3类:裸地、常绿阔叶林各为一类,其余各类型归为一类,这显示了土壤螨类群落对植被恢复不同类型的响应。

Soil mite in different restored plantations in degraded soil were studied quarterly, including a bare land （ Ⅰ ）, a xeric mesophilous herbosa （ Ⅱ ） , a sparse Coniferous woodland （ Ⅲ） , a coniferous woodland （ Ⅳ ） , a coniferous-broadleaf mixed woodland （ Ⅴ ） and an evergreen broadleaf forest （Ⅵ） （ Ⅰ and Ⅵ were used as CK）. A total of 53 families were observed, including dominant families, such as Nanhermanniidae, Haplozetidae, Oribatulidae, Tectocepheidae, Parholaspidae, and others. The characteristics of soil mite community structure were analyzed by individual density, number of taxon, diversity, DG index, abundance, and evenness as well as MGP analysis and MI index. The results showed that the highest density was observed in Ⅵ, and the second highest was in Ⅲ, the lowest density was observed in Ⅰ and Ⅳ. The same trends were observed by other indices above. MGP Ⅰ analysis indicated that the soil oribatida communities of all these ecosystems match the M Pattern; however, MGP Ⅱ analysis identified different patterns for them, i.e. MP pattern for Ⅰ , P pattern for Ⅱ , O pattern for Ⅵ, M pattern for others. No differences were observed by MI index among the different restored vegetations. The 6 communities were classed into 3 groups by DCA analysis. The Ⅰ and Ⅵ were isolated respectively, all others were classed into one group, which showed the response of soil mite to these different restored vegetations in the degraded red soil.