三江平原沼泽湿地生态承载能力综合评价

The comprehensive analysis and evaluation on the ecological carrying capacity of marsh wetlands in Sanjiang Plain

从湿地水资源、土地资源、水环境、生物资源等多方面入手,研究湿地生态系统的承载能力,采用分级评价方法,建立分级评价指标和承载模式,评价了沼泽湿地生态系统的生态弹性度、资源与环境承载力和承载压力度。利用基于加速遗传算法的层次分析技术确定承载模型的权重,计算得出的排序权值具有结果稳定、计算精度高的特点。应用到三江平原沼泽湿地生态承载力的综合评价中,结果表明整个三江平原大部分生态系统处于中稳、较高承载、中低压区。这说明三江平原生态承载能力比较高,人口压力不大,但要进一步提高生态承载能力,则需改善沼泽湿地生态环境,提高水资源利用效率。

In the past, the studies on the ecological carrying capacity were made only from an aspect of single factor, but the impact on the system carrying capacity of the integrated benefit of ecosystem was usually ignored. In the article, the carrying capacity of wetland ecosystem was studied in many ways, including water resources, land resources, water environment, biological resources, and so on. Using the grade evaluation method, the evaluation indexes and the carrying model were established, which were applied respectively on the evaluation of ecology elasticity, resources and environment bearing capacity, and carrying-pressing in the marsh wetland ecosystem. The method of analytic hierarchy process（AHP） based on real coded accelerating genetic algorithm was used to determine the weights, and the rank weights and the results of the compute had the characters of good stability and high precision. The method was used to evaluate synthetically the wetland ecological carrying capacity in Sanjiang Plain. The results showed that ecology system can be divided into medium stable situation, an upper carrying capacity and middle-low intensity region for the most part of the whole Sanjiang Plain. As a result, the ecological carrying capacity was high and the population pressure was low in the Sanjiang Plain. In order to improve the ecological carrying capacity, some measures should be taken to improve the wetland ecological environment and the utilization efficiency of water resource.