当代语言测试:理论发展与未来趋势

Contemporary Language Testing:Theoretical Development and Future Trends

语言测试在语言教学中起着非常重要的作用。语言测试的发展经历了前科学时期、心理测量——结构主义时期、心理语言学和社会语言学时期以及交际语言测试时期四个发展阶段，这四个发展阶段也反映了三个理论模式。随着语言测试理论的发展，语言测试呈现了一些新的发展趋势。语言测试从分析式转向综合式；从重视语言形式转向重视语言运用；从测试个别技能转向测试多项技能；从单一的终结性评估转向形成性评估与终结性评估相结合。在综述国内外语言测试理论发展的基础上，本文论述了教学与测试的关系，回顾和分析了国内外语言测试理论的发展过程，并对语言测试的未来发展趋势做了展望。

Language testing plays a significant role in language teaching. Historically speaking,the development of testing can be divided into four periods, namely,the pre-scientific language testing era, the psychometric-structuralist era, the psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic era and the communicative era. The four periods of language testing are based on three theoretical models. With the development of language testing theories,language testing has taken on some new trends. Testing is changing from analytical to integrative and more emphasis is given to language use. Instead of testing individual skills, more stress is hid on the testing of integrative skills. Summative evaluation and formative evaluation are combined in testing. With a detailed review of the devdopment of language testing theories at home and abroad, this paper discusses the relationship between language teaching and language testing. The paper also explores the development of language testing theories and the future trends of language testing.