关于俄罗斯灵魂的对话——高尔基与别尔嘉耶夫民族文化心理观的比较考察

A Dialogue on Russian Soul between M. Gorky and N. Berdyaev

俄罗斯作家高尔基和宗教哲学家别尔嘉耶夫都曾就俄罗斯民族灵魂的双重性、民族心理和民族命运的关系、集体主义和个性主义等问题分别进行过探讨,其观点和结论远不是一致的,但又具有某些联系和交叉,从而构成一种既彼此冲突、又互补互释的对话格局。考察他们各自的见解及其对话关系,对于深入认识20世纪前期俄罗斯文学精神与思想成果,有着显而易见的意义。

Both M. Gorky and N. Berdyaev have discussed the dualism of Russian soul, the relationships between national psychologies and its fate, collectivism and individualism. Although there exist some touch, their opinions and conclusions are different. As a result, it forms a pattern of both collision and com- plement. Therefore, a survey of their different views and relationships is of great significance to have a deep understanding of Russian literary spirit and thoughts in the early part of the 20th century.